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Landscape Change Monitoring System

USDA — version 2024.10 (2025-09-01)

This dataset maps annual land cover, land use, and landscape change across the conterminous United States at 30 m spatial resolution. Three thematic variables are provided: land cover, land use, and change. An additional quality assessment variable is included as a packed bit string.

The dataset is produced using the LandTrendr time-series segmentation algorithm applied to Landsat and Sentinel-2 imagery. The change variable identifies the cause of short- and long-term vegetation disturbance events, as well as water desiccation or inundation and snow/ice transition, using a ruleset approach that incorporates ancillary datasets such as burn severity records, insect and disease surveys, and storm event data.

Dataset ID
446d2f29
Category
Land use & land cover
Type
Raster
CRS
See description
Spatial coverage
Conterminous US
Spatial resolution
30 m
Temporal coverage
1985+
Temporal resolution
Annual

New time points are delivered approximately annually. Spatial coverage is limited to the conterminous United States. This dataset is best suited for regional to national scale assessments, including analysis of vegetation cover, land cover, or land use change trends, total extents, and aggregated summaries.

No minimum mapping unit has been applied and known features such as roads have not been manually incorporated. Users should exercise caution when applying this data at site or fine-scale levels.

change

Typeuint8NoData0

Description

Index of the predicted landscape change class describing the cause of short- or long-term vegetation disturbance events, as well as water desiccation or inundation and snow/ice transition. Predictions are made using a machine learning model whose outputs (slow loss, fast loss, gain) are reclassified using a ruleset incorporating ancillary fire, storm, insect, disease, and land cover datasets.

Usage notes

Stable pixels and non-processing areas are included as explicit classes. Overall accuracy for the conterminous United States is 89.50% at Level 1 (disturbance, growth, or stable) and 92.48% at Level 2; insufficient validation data exists in the TimeSync interpretations to assess accuracy at the delivered Level 3.

IndexLevel 1Level 2Level 3
1DisturbanceWindWind
2DisturbanceWindHurricane
3DisturbanceOther LossSnow or Ice Transition
4DisturbanceDesiccationDesiccation
5DisturbanceInundationInundation
6DisturbanceFirePrescribed Fire
7DisturbanceFireWildfire
8DisturbanceMechanical Land TransformationMechanical Land Transformation
9DisturbanceTree RemovalTree Removal
10DisturbanceInsect, Disease, or Drought StressDefoliation
11DisturbanceInsect, Disease, or Drought StressSouthern Pine Beetle
12DisturbanceInsect, Disease, or Drought StressInsect, Disease, or Drought Stress
13DisturbanceOther LossOther Loss
14Vegetation Successional GrowthVegetation Successional GrowthVegetation Successional Growth
15StableStableStable
16Non-Processing Area MaskNon-Processing Area MaskNon-Processing Area Mask

land_cover

Typeuint8NoData0

Description

Index of the predicted land cover class describing biophysical attributes of the land surface, including vegetation type and other surface conditions. Predictions are made using a machine learning model trained on Landsat and Sentinel-2 time-series data.

Usage notes

Accuracy decreases as thematic detail increases: overall accuracy for the conterminous United States is 95.71% at Level 1 (vegetated vs. non-vegetated), 87.20% at Level 2, 79.11% at Level 3, and 67.18% at the delivered Level 4.

IndexLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4
1VegetatedTree VegetatedTreeTree
2VegetatedTree VegetatedTreeTall Shrub & Tree Mix (AK Only)
3VegetatedTree VegetatedTreeShrub & Tree Mix
4VegetatedTree VegetatedTreeGrass/Forb/Herb & Tree Mix
5VegetatedTree VegetatedTreeBarren & Tree Mix
6VegetatedNon-Tree VegetatedShrubTall Shrub (AK Only)
7VegetatedNon-Tree VegetatedShrubShrub
8VegetatedNon-Tree VegetatedShrubGrass/Forb/Herb & Shrub Mix
9VegetatedNon-Tree VegetatedShrubBarren & Shrub Mix
10VegetatedNon-Tree VegetatedGrass/Forb/HerbGrass/Forb/Herb
11VegetatedNon-Tree VegetatedGrass/Forb/HerbBarren & Grass/Forb/Herb Mix
12Non-VegetatedNon-VegetatedBarren or ImperviousBarren or Impervious
13Non-VegetatedNon-VegetatedSnow or IceSnow or Ice
14Non-VegetatedNon-VegetatedWaterWater
15Non-Processing Area MaskNon-Processing Area MaskNon-Processing Area MaskNon-Processing Area Mask

land_use

Typeuint8NoData0

Description

Index of the predicted land use class describing the intended human use of the land, representing the economic and cultural activities practised at a given place. Predictions are made using a machine learning model trained on Landsat and Sentinel-2 time-series data, with class assignments further refined using ancillary land cover and built-up datasets.

Usage notes

Overall accuracy for the conterminous United States is 90.70% at Level 1 (anthropogenic vs. non-anthropogenic) and 83.93% at the delivered Level 2.

IndexLevel 1Level 2
1AnthropogenicAgriculture
2AnthropogenicDeveloped
3Non-AnthropogenicForest
4Non-AnthropogenicOther
5Non-AnthropogenicRangeland or Pasture
6Non-Processing Area MaskNon-Processing Area Mask

qa_bits

Typeuint16NoData65535

Description

Quality assessment data provided as a packed bit string. Contains ancillary information on the origin of annual pixel values, including whether an interpolated value was used, which sensor the pixel came from, and the Julian day of the year the LandTrendr pixel value was derived from.

Usage notes

Provided as an unparsed packed bit string. Bit 1 encodes whether an observation is interpolated (0) or not interpolated (1). Bits 2-6 encode the source sensor (Landsat 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, Sentinel-2a, or Sentinel-2b). Bits 7-15 encode the Julian day of year (1-365). Bitwise operations are required to unpack individual fields.

This dataset has no data acquisition cost.

USDA

www.usda.gov

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the U.S. federal agency responsible for developing and executing policy on farming, agriculture, forestry, rural economic development, and food.

USFS

www.fs.usda.gov

The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency within USDA responsible for managing the country's national forests and grasslands. USFS also conducts forestry research and provides technical and financial assistance to state and private forest landowners.

Landscape Change Monitoring System — USDA — Cecil