# Biodiversity Risk Filter

WWF — version 3.0.1

## Description

This dataset contains biodiversity risk indicators for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine areas, with global coverage at sub-basin, marine ecoregion, or open ocean fishing area scale (polygons). Fifty-five indicators are aggregated into fifteen risk categories and three risk types: physical risk, regulatory deficiency risk, and reputational risk.

Assessment units follow HydroBASINS Level 7 for terrestrial and freshwater areas, Marine Ecoregions of the World for coastal marine areas, and sub-areas of the FAO Major Fishing Areas for open ocean areas, with terrestrial units that cross national borders sub-divided along national boundaries. World Bank boundaries are used for island nations not covered by HydroBASINS, and HydroLAKES is used for the Caspian Sea.

Physical risk categories cover provisioning services, regulating services (enabling), regulating services (mitigating), and cultural services. Regulatory deficiency risk categories cover application, scoping, rights, access and entitlements, institutions and governance, management instruments, subnational biodiversity law, offences and penalties, and implementation risk. Reputational risk categories cover pressures on biodiversity, environmental factors, and socio-economic factors.

Physical and reputational risk values are the 75th percentile of constituent risk category values, with contributing indicators varying by site activity. Values are provided for 26 site activities, one of which represents a state of nature with no activity. Regulatory deficiency risk is industry-agnostic and does not vary by activity.

## Summary

- **ID:** 2662e5cd-662e-4f65-a3de-5d217beb7111
- **Type:** Vector
- **CRS:** EPSG:4326
- **Spatial coverage:** Global
- **Temporal coverage:** 2017-2025

## Usage notes

Risk variables follow a three-level naming convention. Risk types are sph (physical risk), srg (regulatory deficiency risk), and srp (reputational risk). Risk categories follow the convention src_{category}, where category is a number from 1 to 15. Individual indicators follow the convention s_{category}_{indicator}, where category matches the risk category number and indicator is a sequential number within that category. Indicator numbering is not contiguous, since three indicators are not delivered in this dataset.

Risk values range from 1 (very low risk) to 5 (very high risk). Risk types, physical risk categories, reputational risk categories, and constituent indicators are continuous. Regulatory deficiency risk categories and constituent indicators are integer risk classes. A value of -666 indicates that an indicator is not relevant to an assessment unit, and a value of -333 indicates that an indicator is not relevant to a site activity. Calculations exclude no-data and not-relevant values.

Some indicators are published at country level and are held constant within a country. The dataset is a single composite assessment rather than a time series. Source data is published between 2017 and 2025, and individual indicators draw on time windows of differing and sometimes longer duration. Where data is missing for an assessment unit, values are estimated from a sovereign, parent, or neighbouring unit, assigned a default risk class, or derived from source data more than five years old. The dataset is suitable for screening and prioritising biodiversity risk across operations and value chains, and is not suitable for site-level assessment.

## AOI constraints

- **Vertices:** ≤ 10,000
- **Geometry:** Polygon, MultiPolygon, Point, MultiPoint

## Variables

### id_0
- **Type:** int32
Sequential identifier of the parent unit.

### id_1
- **Type:** int32
Unique sequential identifier of the assessment unit.

### rfs_id
- **Type:** str
Risk Filter Suite unique identifier.

### parent_id
- **Type:** str
Original identifier of the parent unit.

### location_id
- **Type:** str
Three character code of the predominant country or territory.

### sovereign
- **Type:** str
Three character ISO-3166 code of the sovereign nation.

### name
- **Type:** str
Assessment unit name. Corresponds to sub-basin name in the FAO Hydrological Basins of the World database for terrestrial units, ecoregion name in the Marine Ecoregions of the World database for coastal marine units, and sub-area name in the FAO Major Fishing Areas database for open ocean units.

### major_name
- **Type:** str
Major unit name. Corresponds to major basin name in the FAO Hydrological Basins of the World database for terrestrial units, province name in the Marine Ecoregions of the World database for coastal marine units, and major area name in the FAO Major Fishing Areas database for open ocean units.

### region
- **Type:** str
Broad geographic region. Terrestrial and freshwater regions are adapted from World Bank regions. Coastal marine units are taken from the Marine Ecoregions of the World database. Open ocean units are taken from the FAO Major Fishing Areas database.

### source
- **Type:** str
Assessment unit source dataset.

### source_id
- **Type:** str
Identifier within the source dataset. Identical to parent ID variable for HydroBASINS units.

### area
- **Type:** float64
- **Units:** km²
Area of the assessment unit.

### area_hybas
- **Type:** float64
- **Units:** km²
Area of the parent HydroBASINS Level 7 unit.

### area_location
- **Type:** float64
- **Units:** km²
Area of the country or territory corresponding to location ID variable.

### marine
- **Type:** bool
Indicates whether an assessment unit falls in the marine realm.

### activity_code
- **Type:** str
Four character code for the site activity applied when determining which indicators are relevant to physical and reputational risk values.

### only_terrestrial
- **Type:** bool
Indicates whether a site activity can occur only in terrestrial areas.

### sph
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Physical risk. 75th percentile of four physical risk category variables. Represents potential adverse consequences to a company from its dependence on nature and ecosystem services.

### src_1
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Provisioning services. Physical risk category representing risk to the supply of material outputs from nature. 75th percentile of four constituent indicator variables.

### s_1_1
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Water availability. Risk from physical freshwater scarcity, based on water depletion, baseline water stress, freshwater quantity target, and groundwater level change. Integrated from the Water Risk Filter dataset without modification.

### s_1_2
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Forest productivity and distance to markets. Relative realised timber services index for commercial timber, estimating potential timber mass from above-ground carbon stock and fractional tree cover, constrained to accessible areas. Taken from Costing Nature v3.

### s_1_3
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Marine fish availability. Modelled change in total consumer biomass density for pelagic and demersal species, between 1950-1954 and 2010-2014. Taken from the FishMIP EcoOcean model under the ISIMIP3b protocol.

### s_1_4
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Wild flora and fauna. Risk to the availability of wild-harvested plant and animal products.

### src_2
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Regulating services (enabling). Physical risk category representing risk to natural processes that maintain the conditions for production. 75th percentile of five constituent indicator variables.

### s_2_1
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Soil condition. Soil organic carbon stock. Taken from SoilGrids v2.0, based on soil profile observations from the WoSIS database and machine learning.

### s_2_2
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Water quality. Risk from pollution of freshwater and marine environments. Terrestrial and freshwater values are integrated from the Water Risk Filter dataset without modification. Marine values are estimated separately from marine nutrient pollution, ocean acidification, and hypoxia.

### s_2_3
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Air quality. Concentrations of particulate matter under 2.5 micrometres, particulate matter under 10 micrometres, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Taken from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis.

### s_2_4
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Ecosystem condition (degraded). Degradation of ecosystem integrity, landscape connectivity, river connectivity, and marine habitat condition. Taken from the Ecosystem Integrity Index, functional connectivity of protected areas, the global free-flowing rivers dataset, and Ocean Health Index habitat condition.

### s_2_5
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Pollination. Potential contribution of wild pollinators to nutrition production, expressed as the equivalent number of people fed by pollination-dependent crops. Taken from the Nature's Contributions to People crop pollination model.

### src_3
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Regulating services (mitigating). Physical risk category representing risk from natural hazards and other pressures moderated by ecosystems. 75th percentile of seven constituent indicator variables.

### s_3_1
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Landslides. Landslide susceptibility class. Taken from the NASA Landslide Sensitivity Map.

### s_3_2
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Wildfires. Count of fire and thermal anomaly detections, normalised by area. Taken from the MODIS Aqua and Terra fire and thermal anomaly dataset, covering 2021-2025.

### s_3_3
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Diseases. Predicted zoonotic spillover risk, based on a global database of emerging infectious disease events adjusted for reporting effort and population demographics. Taken from Allen et al. (2017).

### s_3_4
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Herbicide resistance. Count of herbicide resistant weed occurrences. Taken from the International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds.

### s_3_5
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Extreme heat. Daily maximum wet bulb globe temperature with a 5-year return period. Taken from the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery extreme heat hazard dataset.

### s_3_6
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Tropical cyclones. Cyclone wind speed with a 100-year return period. Taken from the MSCI tropical cyclone catalogue.

### s_3_7
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Flooding. Risk from flood occurrence and modelled flood hazard. Integrated from the Water Risk Filter dataset without modification.

### src_4
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Cultural services. Physical risk category. Direct copy of natural and cultural resources indicator variable.

### s_4_1
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Natural and cultural resources. Recreational and cultural ecosystem service value. Taken from an ensemble of five recreation ecosystem service models for terrestrial units, and the Ocean Health Index tourism and recreation and sense of place indices for marine units.

### srg
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Regulatory deficiency risk. Adjusted regulatory deficiency risk value derived from Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessments, incorporating implementation risk category variable as a non-linear adjusting factor. Represents gaps in the biodiversity regulatory framework of the jurisdiction in which an assessment unit is located.

### src_5
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Application. Regulatory deficiency risk category. Aggregate of two constituent indicator variables, following Legal Atlas aggregation rules.

### s_5_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Status of National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans. Existence, alignment with the Convention on Biological Diversity, and comprehensiveness of national biodiversity strategies and action plans, including coverage of Global Biodiversity Framework targets. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_5_2
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Biodiversity conservation policy statement in law. Whether the objectives of the law reflect biodiversity conservation principles aligned with Global Biodiversity Framework targets. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### src_6
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Scoping. Regulatory deficiency risk category assessing the comprehensiveness of key biodiversity-related legal definitions. Aggregate of seven constituent indicator variables, following Legal Atlas aggregation rules.

### s_6_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Definition of biodiversity. Presence and comprehensiveness of a legal definition of biodiversity, covering plants, animals, fungi, micro-organisms, genetic diversity, and ecosystems. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_6_2
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Definition of wild fauna. Presence of a legal definition of wildlife or wild animals, referencing mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, and aquatic invertebrates. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_6_3
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Definition of wild flora. Presence of a legal definition of wild flora. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_6_4
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Definition of protected areas. Presence of a legal definition of protected areas aligned with Convention on Biological Diversity principles. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_6_5
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Definition of ecological corridors and networks. Presence of legal definitions of ecological corridors or ecological networks. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_6_6
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Definition of invasive alien species. Presence of a legal definition of invasive alien species. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_6_7
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Definition of a threatened species. Presence of a legal definition of threatened species, referencing IUCN Red List categories. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### src_7
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Rights, access and entitlements. Regulatory deficiency risk category. Direct copy of state's duty to protect and conserve biodiversity indicator variable.

### s_7_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
State's duty to protect and conserve biodiversity. Constitutional right to a clean and healthy environment and legal duty of the state to protect biodiversity. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### src_8
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Institutions and governance. Regulatory deficiency risk category. Aggregate of three constituent indicator variables, following Legal Atlas aggregation rules.

### s_8_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Biodiversity management authority. Existence of an authority responsible for environmental management with biodiversity within its remit. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_8_2
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Coordination among national government authorities. Legal mechanisms coordinating national government authorities on biodiversity management across sectors. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_8_3
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Public participation. Requirements for public participation, including by vulnerable groups, in biodiversity management and environmental impact assessment processes. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### src_9
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Management instruments. Regulatory deficiency risk category covering monitoring, data sharing, impact assessment, offsetting, and protected area and species management. Aggregate of six constituent indicator variables, following Legal Atlas aggregation rules.

### s_9_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Monitoring of biodiversity. Legal mandate to monitor biodiversity across wetlands, protected areas, threatened species, invasive species, forests, marine and freshwater activity, pollution, and wildlife trade. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_9_2
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Data compilation and sharing (national level). Legal mandate to compile and publicly share biodiversity data nationally across agencies. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_9_3
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Environmental impact assessments and strategic environmental assessments. Existence of dedicated environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment law with trigger criteria, monitoring, post-project assessment, and multi-sector implementation. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_9_4
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Offset requirements. Legal requirement for biodiversity no net loss or net gain, and inclusion of the mitigation hierarchy in environmental impact assessment legislation. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_9_5
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Protected areas (legal management). Legal requirement for identification and mapping of protected areas, and stringency of degazetting requirements. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_9_6
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Protected species management. Legal list of protected species with listing and delisting procedures, and prohibitions on impacts to species and their critical habitats. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### src_10
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Subnational biodiversity law. Regulatory deficiency risk category. Aggregate of two constituent indicator variables, following Legal Atlas aggregation rules.

### s_10_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Requirement to meet national standards. Whether subnational biodiversity law is required to meet national standards, and the scope of independent regulatory power held by subnational authorities. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_10_2
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Coordination among local and national authorities. Legal mechanisms coordinating local authorities with each other and with national bodies on biodiversity management. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### src_11
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Offences and penalties. Regulatory deficiency risk category. Aggregate of four constituent indicator variables, following Legal Atlas aggregation rules.

### s_11_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Pollution crimes. Penalties, including monetary fines and criminal sanctions, for pollution, applicable to legal entities. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_11_2
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Habitat destruction. Penalties for illegal habitat destruction, applicable to legal entities. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_11_3
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Violation of invasive species prohibitions. Penalties for introduction of or illegal activities involving invasive species. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### s_11_4
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Violation of environmental impact assessment requirements. Penalties for failure to carry out or for incorrectly implementing environmental impact assessment processes. Taken from the Legal Atlas regulatory deficiency risk assessment.

### src_12
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Implementation risk. Regulatory deficiency risk category derived from World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators. Aggregate of two constituent indicator variables.

### s_12_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Effective policy formulation. Combined World Bank Government Effectiveness and Regulatory Quality indices, capturing the quality of public services, policy formulation, and the ability to design and implement business-enabling policies.

### s_12_2
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Respect for institutions. Combined World Bank Rule of Law and Control of Corruption indices, capturing contract enforcement, property rights, and the extent to which public power is used for private gain.

### srp
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Reputational risk. 75th percentile of three reputational risk category variables. Represents potential adverse consequences from negative stakeholder perception of a company's impacts on nature.

### src_13
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Pressures on biodiversity. Reputational risk category. 75th percentile of four constituent indicator variables.

### s_13_1
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Land, freshwater and sea use change. Conversion and fragmentation of terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Taken from global cropland extent gain, the global free-flowing rivers dataset, cumulative human impact on the ocean, and Ocean Health Index habitat trends.

### s_13_2
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Forest canopy loss. Tree cover loss, used as a proxy for ecosystem conversion. Taken from the Hansen Global Forest Change dataset, covering 2000-2024.

### s_13_3
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Invasive species. Count of unique invasive species recorded within a national, sub-national, or marine area. Taken from the CABI Invasive Species Compendium.

### s_13_4
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Pollution. Risk from nutrient, pesticide, chemical, plastic, and air pollution. Taken from national fertiliser and pesticide use statistics, modelled nutrient concentrations, Ocean Health Index pollution indices, plastic waste and emissions datasets, and EDGAR air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions.

### src_14
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Environmental factors. Reputational risk category. 75th percentile of three constituent indicator variables.

### s_14_3
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Wetlands of international importance. Assessment unit overlap with a wetland site from the Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance. Integrated from the Water Risk Filter dataset without modification.

### s_14_4
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Other important delineated areas. Overlap with Intact Forest Landscapes, WWF Global 200 priority ecoregions, and Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems.

### s_14_5
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Ecosystem condition (intact). Intactness of ecosystem integrity, landscape connectivity, river connectivity, and marine habitat condition.

### src_15
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Socio-economic factors. Reputational risk category. 75th percentile of four constituent indicator variables.

### s_15_1
- **Type:** int32
- **NoData:** -999
Indigenous peoples, local communities lands and territories. Risk associated with company presence on lands and territories of indigenous peoples and local communities.

### s_15_2
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Resource scarcity. Higher of water availability indicator variable and air quality indicator variable, treated as a standalone indicator within reputational risk.

### s_15_3
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Labour and human rights. V-Dem Civil Liberties Index, estimating the extent to which people are free from torture, political killings, and forced labour, and enjoy freedoms of movement, religion, expression, and association.

### s_15_4
- **Type:** float64
- **NoData:** -999
Financial inequality. Gini coefficient. Taken from the Standardized World Income Inequality Database.

### geometry
- **Type:** wkb
Polygon geometry of the assessment unit.

## Pricing

The first 10 sites/100ha are free of charge as part of a free trial.

Site uploads are equated to 1 site = 1 ha.

The minimum billed fee for one dataset is $10,000. For two datasets, the minimum billed fee is $13,000.

https://docs.cecil.earth/documents/wwf-risk-filter-suite-pricing.pdf

| Volume | Price |
| --- | --- |
| ≤ 50,000 ha, one dataset | $0.35/ha |
| ≤ 50,000 ha, both datasets | $0.50/ha |
| 50,001 – 100,000 ha, one dataset | $0.175/ha |
| 50,001 – 100,000 ha, both datasets | $0.25/ha |
| 100,001+ ha, one dataset | $0.0875/ha |
| 100,001+ ha, both datasets | $0.125/ha |